Open Access

OPEN-ACCESS is a scholarly publishing model that provides free, immediate, and unrestricted access to research outputs. This movement within SCHOLARLY-COMMUNICATION aims to remove barriers to knowledge, allowing researchers, students, and the public to benefit from academic findings. The principles were established in the BUDAPEST-OPEN-ACCESS-INITIATIVE (2002), the BETHESDA-STATEMENT-ON-OPEN-ACCESS-PUBLISHING (2003), and the BERLIN-DECLARATION-ON-OPEN-ACCESS-TO-KNOWLEDGE-IN-THE-SCIENCES-AND-HUMANITIES (2003).

Research can be made available through several paths: GOLD-OPEN-ACCESS, which involves publication in a journal that makes all articles freely available, often supported by ARTICLE-PROCESSING-CHARGES; and GREEN-OPEN-ACCESS, where authors self-archive their work in an INSTITUTIONAL-REPOSITORY or DIGITAL-REPOSITORIES. The DIRECTORY-OF-OPEN-ACCESS-JOURNALS (DOAJ) maintains a registry of these journals. Legal frameworks for sharing are often provided by CREATIVE-COMMONS licenses. Organizations like SPARC and UNESCO actively promote these standards. For more information, see the BOAI Official Site and the UNESCO Open Access Portal.

• OPEN-SCIENCE
• DIGITAL-REPOSITORIES
• ACADEMIC-JOURNALS
• PUBLIC-DOMAIN