The field of ECONOMICS utilizes INDICES as statistical indicators. The CONSUMER-PRICE-INDEX is used to monitor INFLATION, while financial INDICES like the S-AND-P-500 aggregate the performance of large companies, as explained in this guide by INVESTOPEDIA.
In LINGUISTICS and SEMIOTICS, INDEXICALITY refers to signs that point to their objects through a physical or causal connection, a concept famously analyzed by CHARLES-SANDERS-PEIRCE.